This job scenario represents a factory line piecework style of production. There are four styles of worker schedule reinforcements. One is the fixed interval schedule. The worker would most likely speed up before getting a paycheck and slow down after being paid. The variable interval schedule is when the boss would decide when to give the workers their paycheck with no predictability. The workers would probably do a good job because they never know when they will be getting a paycheck, but a continuous flow of production could be unpredictable. The fixed ratio schedule is when the worker receives a paycheck at the same time, every time on a regular preplanned schedule. Production is consistent and timely because the worker knows exactly when they will be paid for their work production. The variable ratio schedule is when the worker gets paid at a different time intervals. Workers production can be unpredictable and there can be a speed up or slow down in production.
The best pay schedule is the fixed ratio. In this type of payment schedule the workers never guess when they will be paid and therefore their work is fast and more efficient because they know at the end of a certain period of time they will be rewarded for their work production.
Friday, September 30, 2011
Prison
Operant learning is where behavior is changed so that the person is encouraged to behave in a certain manner through positive or negative reinforcement so that they associate a pleasure or displeasure with the desired behavior. When a petty criminal is charged with a crime they are ordered to serve in prison. They will most likely end up not serving the entire sentence because of overcrowding. I suggest that the judge observe the severity of the crime. The prisons should contain only the most dangerous criminals like murders and drug dealers. The petty criminals should be put on house arrest with a monitoring system. This would lead to more space in prisons for the serious offenders. The criminals on house arrest should have to attend counseling sessions, work detail, and volunteer for community service projects. The judge will have to consider how long the person should wear the bracelet and have them sign a contract that explains the criteria for the bracelets to be removed. If the person follows all the criteria in the contract consistently then they will be rewarded by having the bracelet removed. This program can pertain to any age, sex, and can save a lot of money.
Thursday, September 29, 2011
Ads
People who work in advertising frequently use psychological manipulation in an attempt to influence our decisions in our everyday life styles. When you are watching something on TV many times an advertiser will have a company pay them to interject their product into the action of the show in hopes of influencing us to have a positive reaction to the image that they introduced. This process is known as supraliminal perception. Actually they will take a product and the product is truly visually seen by us the consumer, but we are just not necessarily aware of it due to the distraction of the action in the story. For instance, a person maybe fixing himself a bowl of cereal during the action of the movie and the cereal brand is flashed to us watching maybe only briefly. The advertiser is hoping that whether we become aware of seeing this product or not they hope by the brief introduction of the product we will be inclined to purchase this product. I have experienced this technique many times while watching shows, but I don’t really feel that this attempt on the part of the advertisers really has any effect on my buying of any product that they are attempting to encourage me to use.
Marijuana
Marijuana is a drug that comes from the plant cannabis sativa. Marijuana is a drug that reduces the amount of reaction time thus prohibiting the use of driving a vehicle or operating machinery. Marijuana is linked to causing lungs problems, bronchitis, and cardiovascular diseases. Research has indicated that marijuana is a gateway drug which means that people that already use marijuana could take harder drugs. Therefore if marijuana is legalized because of the easier access to the drug new users of marijuana would occur. Some scientists say that legalizing marijuana would lead to more crime since most people involved in the drug trade are involved in other crimes.
There is a benefit to legalizing marijuana however, which is using it for medical purposes. Research says that marijuana is safe and effective to use in the medical use of cancer, aids, sclerosis, pain, glaucoma, and epilepsy. Since 1972, 16 of the 50 states have legalized the medical use of marijuana. US Senator Bill Frist stated “Although I understand many believe marijuana is the most effective drug in combating their medical ailments, I would caution against this assumption due to the lack of consistent, repeatable scientific data available to prove marijuana's medical benefits. Based on current evidence, I believe that marijuana is a dangerous drug. There are less dangerous medicines offering the same relief from pain and other medical symptoms" end quote. Therefore after reading the current research I do not support marijuana to be legalized for recreational or medical purposes.
There is a benefit to legalizing marijuana however, which is using it for medical purposes. Research says that marijuana is safe and effective to use in the medical use of cancer, aids, sclerosis, pain, glaucoma, and epilepsy. Since 1972, 16 of the 50 states have legalized the medical use of marijuana. US Senator Bill Frist stated “Although I understand many believe marijuana is the most effective drug in combating their medical ailments, I would caution against this assumption due to the lack of consistent, repeatable scientific data available to prove marijuana's medical benefits. Based on current evidence, I believe that marijuana is a dangerous drug. There are less dangerous medicines offering the same relief from pain and other medical symptoms" end quote. Therefore after reading the current research I do not support marijuana to be legalized for recreational or medical purposes.
Nervous System
The most important function of the sympathetic nervous system is to maintain the body’s homeostasis and to create the fight-or- flight response when stressful situations occur. The primary function of the parasympathetic nervous system is to stimulate the “rest and digest” activities causing suppression of the body’s sexual arousal, salivation, urination, digestion, and defecation.
I was out on my porch the other day and a truck, driven by a strange man, stopped by the side of the road in the edge of my lawn. He sat there for a few minutes just idling and then left. My body had stored ATP so that I would have lots of energy to escape from a situation I assessed as dangerous. When our body is in a stressful situation we produce adrenaline. Adrenaline gives our body a boost it needs to enable the fight-or- flight response. My flight response took over and I fled from the porch in fear that he might come back.
My parasympathetic nervous system activated as well. The last thought on my mind was sexual arousal, salivation, urination, digestion or defecation. All I could think about was getting away and my other body functions were placed on hold, thank goodness.
I was out on my porch the other day and a truck, driven by a strange man, stopped by the side of the road in the edge of my lawn. He sat there for a few minutes just idling and then left. My body had stored ATP so that I would have lots of energy to escape from a situation I assessed as dangerous. When our body is in a stressful situation we produce adrenaline. Adrenaline gives our body a boost it needs to enable the fight-or- flight response. My flight response took over and I fled from the porch in fear that he might come back.
My parasympathetic nervous system activated as well. The last thought on my mind was sexual arousal, salivation, urination, digestion or defecation. All I could think about was getting away and my other body functions were placed on hold, thank goodness.
IIlusion
A perceptual illusion is an object that deceives the senses or the mind, appearing to exist as one thing but really is another. A trick to the eye your might say. I have had many experiences with illusions during my high school Geometry class. There are many problems in Geometry that need to be worked out to reach a correct conclusion. In the past I was never really sure about the length of a line in geometry, for example in triangles. Are the sides truly equal or do they just appear visually to be equal. I consistently measured each line before I would come to a conclusion if the lines truly were the same length or just appeared that way. Before reading this chapter in my psychology book I was under the impression that is was just an issue that I may have of not being able to visually discern the difference. Now after reading this material and thinking about how to apply the concepts I understand that I was experiencing a natural visual phenomenon known as an illusion.
Diffrences
An example of the sympathetic nervous system is if someone, who is afraid of snakes, is taking a walk in the forest and sees a snake the fight-or- flight response will take over. The sympathetic nervous system begins to pour out adrenaline. This hormone makes the pupils dilate, blood pressure increase, heart rate go up, and digestion to slow down. This enables the person to escape from the snake or if necessary stay and fight it off.
The opposite effect happens in the parasympathetic nervous system. If someone, who happens to like snakes, is taking a walk in the forest and sees a snake the rest and digest mechanism may take over. This occurs when the person feels no stress or fear. Their pupils constrict, blood pressure decreases, heart rate slows down, and digestion continues as usual.
If the sympathetic or parasympathetic nervous systems do not react and the snake is poisonous then the person could very well be bitten. The lack of response by either system could place the person in a neutral reaction situation and the snake by nature may continue to feel threatened and therefore bite them.
The opposite effect happens in the parasympathetic nervous system. If someone, who happens to like snakes, is taking a walk in the forest and sees a snake the rest and digest mechanism may take over. This occurs when the person feels no stress or fear. Their pupils constrict, blood pressure decreases, heart rate slows down, and digestion continues as usual.
If the sympathetic or parasympathetic nervous systems do not react and the snake is poisonous then the person could very well be bitten. The lack of response by either system could place the person in a neutral reaction situation and the snake by nature may continue to feel threatened and therefore bite them.
Dependence
Physical dependence is when a person is dependent on a drug and has developed a tolerance to a drug. The person has to take more and more of the drug to get the same effect. The body can experience withdrawal if the user goes a long time without the drug in their system. Some of the symptoms of withdrawal are headaches, nausea, irritability, cramps, and shaking. Fred has been a drinker for many years, but as the years passed he found he needed to drink more to get any effect. One night he was arrested and placed in jail for DWI. Fred began to experience symptoms of withdrawal.
Psychological dependence is when the user believes that the drug is needed to have emotional and psychological well being. There are no withdrawal effects but craving for the drug continues. When Fred was jailed even though the alcohol had metabolized out of his body and the physical symptoms had disappeared he continued to crave for the alcohol and desired to start the same process all over again.
I think that psychological dependence is harder to change than physical dependence. Psychological dependence is when the drug has altered the users psyche to the point where they feel they can not do life without it. I believe it would be much harder to cope.
Psychological dependence is when the user believes that the drug is needed to have emotional and psychological well being. There are no withdrawal effects but craving for the drug continues. When Fred was jailed even though the alcohol had metabolized out of his body and the physical symptoms had disappeared he continued to crave for the alcohol and desired to start the same process all over again.
I think that psychological dependence is harder to change than physical dependence. Psychological dependence is when the drug has altered the users psyche to the point where they feel they can not do life without it. I believe it would be much harder to cope.
The Bystander Effect
The bystander effect is when humans do not take action when another person appears to be in distress. I have witnessed this lack of human response when I was in high school. I experienced a physical altercation between two of my school mates. There were a lot of students there but no one did anything to stop it, including myself. Many of the students were encouraging the fight. Even though the fight lasted about a minute or so there seemed to be no reaction to the situation by any of the students after the fight was completed.
Culture has had a big influence on how people react to different situations. For example, when a nurse asks a Mexican to cough during an examination they will not because to them coughing is a sign of disrespect. But in America culture coughing is common during a physical examination.
Researchers have found that in any given distress situation only a few people will react and that the majority will not. The others think that someone else can help out or they are afraid to get involved or it interrupts their life to much. I was thinking about being late to my next class and afraid for my own safety so I backed away wishing that they would just get it over with.
Other researchers have proposed factors may influence the bystander effect. They stated that people are more likely to help in a situation if they feel more connected to the person, or if the person in distress is very attractive or they have positive feelings towards the person involved. The bystander effect is very real and explains why people can be asking for help, but no one in the crowd steps forward.
Culture has had a big influence on how people react to different situations. For example, when a nurse asks a Mexican to cough during an examination they will not because to them coughing is a sign of disrespect. But in America culture coughing is common during a physical examination.
Researchers have found that in any given distress situation only a few people will react and that the majority will not. The others think that someone else can help out or they are afraid to get involved or it interrupts their life to much. I was thinking about being late to my next class and afraid for my own safety so I backed away wishing that they would just get it over with.
Other researchers have proposed factors may influence the bystander effect. They stated that people are more likely to help in a situation if they feel more connected to the person, or if the person in distress is very attractive or they have positive feelings towards the person involved. The bystander effect is very real and explains why people can be asking for help, but no one in the crowd steps forward.
Scholarships for the Extraordinary
By: Lynnette Lockwood
There is a payoff for hard work on September 15; in the Corning Community College Dining Hall the scholarship recognition ceremony took place honoring those who work hard. The tables were covered in white tablecloths with white roses in the center. For lunch everyone was served spaghetti, ziti, meatballs, salad, chicken, and rolls. The ceremony started off with a welcome. Then there was a speech by the President Katherine Douglas. She talked about being successful in our academic lives. The students that received scholarships were Cassondra Ball, Jenna Clark, Megan Cook, Zane Draper, Hannah Jacquier, Shea Maloy, Zachary McCann, Alex McInroy, Mackenzie Odge, Rachael Passaretti, Karissa Snyder, Krystal Young, Rebecca Zafonte, Melanie Purcell, Paige Beach, Stephanie Manning, Alexandra Young, Logan Pallmann, Jodi Belloma, Joe Inthanogsak, Ashley Mayhood, Kayla Grady, Sondra Parkin, Jason Sowersby, Kelsey Knowles, Penny Kelley, Dylan Gorski, Victoria Houser, Matthew Johnson, Ashley Pierson, Margaret Wayne, Kylicia Ramsey, Tracy Erickson, Shawna Osborn, Elizabeth Radford, Richard Horsey, Mollie Caporiccio, Ashley Clark, Shalyn Clement, Adriane Divens-Dutcher, Shawn Dominikoski, Andrew Finch, Susan Hamilton, Amy Hammond, Aaron Keene, Michael Lawson, Carissa Miller, Sarah Roberts, Joshulin Sommer, Standford I Taylor Jr, Hayley Thomas, Kathryn White, Darlene Woo, Alexandra Young, Zachary Hogan, Christopher Michael, Holly Esposito, Sarah Hess, Caleb Tietje, Megan Rosko, Elizabeth VanDuyne, Karen Willsey, Timothy Wood, Kayla Emo, Lynnette Lockwood, Ann Johnson, Daniel Sauter, Tanisha Ostrander, and Natali Gonzalez. A total of 36 scholarships were given out to 69 students. The scholarship ranged from academics, nursing, math and sciences, books and supplies, education, and liberal arts.
By: Lynnette Lockwood
There is a payoff for hard work on September 15; in the Corning Community College Dining Hall the scholarship recognition ceremony took place honoring those who work hard. The tables were covered in white tablecloths with white roses in the center. For lunch everyone was served spaghetti, ziti, meatballs, salad, chicken, and rolls. The ceremony started off with a welcome. Then there was a speech by the President Katherine Douglas. She talked about being successful in our academic lives. The students that received scholarships were Cassondra Ball, Jenna Clark, Megan Cook, Zane Draper, Hannah Jacquier, Shea Maloy, Zachary McCann, Alex McInroy, Mackenzie Odge, Rachael Passaretti, Karissa Snyder, Krystal Young, Rebecca Zafonte, Melanie Purcell, Paige Beach, Stephanie Manning, Alexandra Young, Logan Pallmann, Jodi Belloma, Joe Inthanogsak, Ashley Mayhood, Kayla Grady, Sondra Parkin, Jason Sowersby, Kelsey Knowles, Penny Kelley, Dylan Gorski, Victoria Houser, Matthew Johnson, Ashley Pierson, Margaret Wayne, Kylicia Ramsey, Tracy Erickson, Shawna Osborn, Elizabeth Radford, Richard Horsey, Mollie Caporiccio, Ashley Clark, Shalyn Clement, Adriane Divens-Dutcher, Shawn Dominikoski, Andrew Finch, Susan Hamilton, Amy Hammond, Aaron Keene, Michael Lawson, Carissa Miller, Sarah Roberts, Joshulin Sommer, Standford I Taylor Jr, Hayley Thomas, Kathryn White, Darlene Woo, Alexandra Young, Zachary Hogan, Christopher Michael, Holly Esposito, Sarah Hess, Caleb Tietje, Megan Rosko, Elizabeth VanDuyne, Karen Willsey, Timothy Wood, Kayla Emo, Lynnette Lockwood, Ann Johnson, Daniel Sauter, Tanisha Ostrander, and Natali Gonzalez. A total of 36 scholarships were given out to 69 students. The scholarship ranged from academics, nursing, math and sciences, books and supplies, education, and liberal arts.
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