There are many definitions of abnormality. Abnormality is something deviating from typical accepted behavior. Current practitioners agree that there are four areas that help define abnormality. These four areas are referred to as the four D’s. The four D’s would include deviance, distress, dysfunction, and danger.
Deviance is behavior that is different from tradition, and custom. Every society of people has social norms which are rules for proper conduct. Norms are developed from history, values, institutions, habits, skills, technology, and arts.
Deviant behavior could be exhibited by a minor child leaving an abusive home. When such a decision is made it sets in motion a set of circumstances the child is now totally dependent on an outside environment with no resources to meet their needs. Considering the consequences a child will be forced to steal to survive. Theft in most cultures is considered a criminal deviant behavior. Even though culturally we recognize this deviant behavior as criminal the child many times receives empathy and others reach out and attempt to rescue the child from such circumstances.
Distress could be defined as people subjecting themselves to physical pain or discomfort which could cause them to become disconnected from others. Extreme body building causes both physical pain and discomfort. The body builder makes a conscious decision to extremely alter their lifestyle to reach an optimum goal. They grossly restrict their food intake, exercise extensively and are even willing to take steroids. Body building is extremely completive and in American culture this is considered normal behavior but clearly could be classified as an act of distress.
A dysfunction is a disturbance in a person’s daily socially accepted activities or behaviors. For example missionaries are people who travel to third world, underdeveloped, countries. By living in these countries these people make a conscious decision to deal with substandard living, poor quality food and water, lack of transportation and sometimes even chronic illnesses. Even though they experience deprivation they’re not considered dysfunctional and many times are highly admired and respected.
Danger is the action by a person of potentially harming themselves or others. For example self cutting is a form of superficial carving that is self contained. The person many times struggles with depression and exposes themselves to a dangerous act of self cutting. Even though many people view this action as disturbing, it can be recognized as a way for the person to express a need for help. This topic is controversial but is not considered unusual.
Tuesday, December 20, 2011
Treatment for Severely Disturbed Individuals
Currently in the United States there are many treatments available for severely disturbed individuals. The approach in their care has shifted to a community mental health approach. These individuals have been removed from institutional care and placed in the community which is commonly called deinstitutionalization. Once placed in the community these individuals participate in a combination of treatments accomplished on an outpatient basis. The use of psychotropic medications in combination with therapy has been widely utilized and accepted. During periods of crisis these individuals receive short term hospitalization and then are released back into the community. They continue with therapy and medications offered through community programs and residential care. Unfortunately because of the high demand in the American culture of care for severely disturbed individuals services offered are inadequate. Consequently many times these people end up abandoned in their mental health care. Many fill the jails, wander aimlessly, are homeless, and dysfunctional.
In contract the current treatment for severely disturbed individuals includes many additional treatment modalities. Less disturbed individuals also participate in community out patient care that has been expanded. Mental health care is more accessible to these more functional individuals many times due to the availability of health care plans that will pay for services. Their mental health care continues in the community by the use of mental health centers, crisis intervention, family service centers, and social services. It has been noted that the majority of these individuals experience and are treated for anxiety and depression. These individuals are afforded, specialized programs that address their mental health issues. These programs could include out patient mental health support for issues such as phobias, eating disorders, suicide crisis intervention, and sexual dysfunction. Even though working with a variety of disturbed individuals can be challenging the community mental health approach is attempting to address mental health needs through expanding programs that address issues through prevention.
In contract the current treatment for severely disturbed individuals includes many additional treatment modalities. Less disturbed individuals also participate in community out patient care that has been expanded. Mental health care is more accessible to these more functional individuals many times due to the availability of health care plans that will pay for services. Their mental health care continues in the community by the use of mental health centers, crisis intervention, family service centers, and social services. It has been noted that the majority of these individuals experience and are treated for anxiety and depression. These individuals are afforded, specialized programs that address their mental health issues. These programs could include out patient mental health support for issues such as phobias, eating disorders, suicide crisis intervention, and sexual dysfunction. Even though working with a variety of disturbed individuals can be challenging the community mental health approach is attempting to address mental health needs through expanding programs that address issues through prevention.
Proposal for a New Leash Law
Darden Clark proposed, last night at the city council meeting, to strengthen the cities Leash Law. The law would state that it would be a misdemeanor to own a dog that has bitten someone. The person could be fined up to $500 dollars and spend five nights in jail. About 200 people were in the room. Out of these people about half of them support the changes to the law and half do not support the changes. Clarke said “We got to do something to stop this plague of dog bites in this city. Over the past month I’ve had complaints from at least five people in my district who have complained about being bitten or threatened by a dog. This is a problem of irresponsible ownership. I believe that we need this law to get the attention of dog owners and tell them we expect them to act responsibly”. The debate lasted over an hour during this the people were able to speak about the issue. Lots of debate and argument went on. Most of the council members spoke on the issue as well. The law was unfortunately defeated by a five too two vote and nobody abstained.
Psychodynamic
Psychodynamic theorists believe that a person’s behavior is determined by the psychological forces that the people are not aware of. These forces are called dynamic. The forces react with each other causing behavior, emotions, and thoughts to happen. This therapy is a one on one experience with a therapist. The therapist encourages the person to express their emotions, thoughts and feelings in an open manner. The therapist guides the patient to make positive changes in their life. A benefit to this type of therapy is that it’s long term. This therapy helps to find the root cause of a problem, and equip them with the knowledge and suggestions to enable them to cope with further difficulties. Psychodynamic therapy helps to uncover the unconscious content in the client’s mind to alleviate tension. Psychodynamic therapy helps with depression, anxiety, panic, and stress. This therapy is good for people who have long term issues in their past.
Cognitive therapy helps people to recognize and change faulty thinking processes. Therapists believe that the client can overcome their problems if they develop a new way of thinking. Therapist’s help clients recognize negative thoughts and guide them to try out new interpretations. One advantage is that cognitive therapy is very instructive. They help the patient understand how to counsel themselves. This therapy is short term. This focuses on client goals and it’s structured. The cognitive model helps treat depression, panic disorders, social phobias, and sexual dysfunctions.
I would recommend psychodynamic therapy if my friend needed long term help and cognitive if they needed short term help. Either use of each therapy ultimately is the person entering into the therapies preference. Other factors that would help decide which type of therapy would be better is the amount of time commitment the person is willing to contract to and the cause of the depression. Choices in therapy could also be selected by the cause of the depression. Cognitive therapy would be good for treatment of a short term issue such as a sudden loss of their home. Psychodynamic therapy would be good if the depression was caused by deep seated issues that were formulated early on in childhood.
Cognitive therapy helps people to recognize and change faulty thinking processes. Therapists believe that the client can overcome their problems if they develop a new way of thinking. Therapist’s help clients recognize negative thoughts and guide them to try out new interpretations. One advantage is that cognitive therapy is very instructive. They help the patient understand how to counsel themselves. This therapy is short term. This focuses on client goals and it’s structured. The cognitive model helps treat depression, panic disorders, social phobias, and sexual dysfunctions.
I would recommend psychodynamic therapy if my friend needed long term help and cognitive if they needed short term help. Either use of each therapy ultimately is the person entering into the therapies preference. Other factors that would help decide which type of therapy would be better is the amount of time commitment the person is willing to contract to and the cause of the depression. Choices in therapy could also be selected by the cause of the depression. Cognitive therapy would be good for treatment of a short term issue such as a sudden loss of their home. Psychodynamic therapy would be good if the depression was caused by deep seated issues that were formulated early on in childhood.
Verna
Verna Anne Moshier died November 30th, 2008 from a short illness. She was born on August 10th, 1920 in Joesport. She was in the Women’s Army Corps from 1942 – 1945. She attended Carson College where she received a B. A. (bachelors in arts). She attended Riverdale University where she received a M.Ed. (masters in education) She was an English and History teacher. She taught 7th through 9th grade. For many years she conducted summer tours of Europe for school students. She was also the advisor for the Ilksford School yearbook. She was in the Booster Club and a library volunteer. The Ilksford Middle School Auditorium was named after her in her honor upon her retirement from the school in 1985. She survives by her sister, Lois Ellen Moshier, and Irma May Moshier, four nieces and two nephews. The service is going to be held in the Verna Moshier Auditorium at Ilksford Middle School Dec. 4th at 1:00. The burial will take place in the National Cemetery following memorial service.
Tuesday, December 13, 2011
Abnormal
Abnormal behavior is defined as behavior that is not within the norm. The first way to describe abnormal behavior is to use the statistical definition. Frequently occurring behavior would be considered normal and behavior that is rare would be abnormal in a particular population. For example a person in America may collect erasers. Statistically this would be so unusual in number of participates it would not be measured within the norms for the U.S. However, collecting erasers would not be considered an abnormal activity.
A second way to describe abnormal behavior is the social norm deviance. This is a behavior that goes against the norms and standards of society in which the individual lives. This type of definition for abnormal versus normal behavior hinges on the geographical area in which the behavior is being considered. It can be measured as a situational context or a subjective discomfort. An example of situational context could be the Baptist religion within the U.S. In the Northern states there is an expectation that a person demonstrates quite and controlled behavior during the religious ceremony. If a person is loud or yells out they are considered out of the norm. However the Baptist religion in the Southern part of the U.S., loud singing and movement, including clapping of hands, is considered a norm. If a person were to sit quietly they would be considered to be abnormal in behavior. One other way to describe abnormal behavior is by the subjective discomfort. Subjective discomfort is when a person feels extreme distress while engaging in a particular situation. For example Mary has distress when around the water and she feels great anxiety. This would be considered abnormal behavior because most people enjoy the water and consider it a fun activity.
The final way that behavior is considered to be abnormal is the inability to function normally. This kind of behavior is called maladaptive in which the person finds it hard to adapt to the demands of day to day living. Their behavior is maladaptive and for example they are unable to go to work or pay their bills. This maladaptive behavior may be due to the use of drugs or alcohol making them not normal because their activities surrounding the use of the drug causing them to not be able to function with daily expectations.
A second way to describe abnormal behavior is the social norm deviance. This is a behavior that goes against the norms and standards of society in which the individual lives. This type of definition for abnormal versus normal behavior hinges on the geographical area in which the behavior is being considered. It can be measured as a situational context or a subjective discomfort. An example of situational context could be the Baptist religion within the U.S. In the Northern states there is an expectation that a person demonstrates quite and controlled behavior during the religious ceremony. If a person is loud or yells out they are considered out of the norm. However the Baptist religion in the Southern part of the U.S., loud singing and movement, including clapping of hands, is considered a norm. If a person were to sit quietly they would be considered to be abnormal in behavior. One other way to describe abnormal behavior is by the subjective discomfort. Subjective discomfort is when a person feels extreme distress while engaging in a particular situation. For example Mary has distress when around the water and she feels great anxiety. This would be considered abnormal behavior because most people enjoy the water and consider it a fun activity.
The final way that behavior is considered to be abnormal is the inability to function normally. This kind of behavior is called maladaptive in which the person finds it hard to adapt to the demands of day to day living. Their behavior is maladaptive and for example they are unable to go to work or pay their bills. This maladaptive behavior may be due to the use of drugs or alcohol making them not normal because their activities surrounding the use of the drug causing them to not be able to function with daily expectations.
Therapy
Carl Rogers is known as one of founding people in cognitive therapy. His practice was founded in the 1950’s. He proposed that everyone has an ideal self, how the client feels they really should be, and a real self, how the client see their traits and abilities. The closer the selves match up the happier the client will feel. In order to have the two selves match up the client must receive unconditional regard, which is love, warmth, respect, and affection.
Rogers proposed a therapy where the therapist’s job was to provide a positive regard for the client and to help the client realize the differences between their actual self and their ideal self. The client would work out their problems on their own under the direction of the therapist. This is why this therapy was called client-centered therapy but became later known as person-centered therapy and was acknowledged as being non-directive.
There are four basic concepts of this therapy. The first one is reflection. Reflection is when the therapist allows the person to talk without interruptions. This step is known as reflection because the therapist lets the person talk, uninterrupted and simply reflects back to the person what they have said. The therapist does not add any comments.
The second one is unconditional positive regard which is the warmth, acceptance, and an uncritical atmosphere. The therapist must show respect for theperson’s feelings, values, and goals. The therapist must show to the person that regardless of what is expressed the therapist has unconditional acceptance of anything that the person shares.
The third is empathy. The therapist must acknowledge what the person is feeling and experiencing. They will listen carefully and closely to what the person is saying and try to empathize or feel what the person feels.
The fourth concept is authenticity. The therapist must be real, open, and honest. They must be able to tolerate the person’s differences without being judgmental. The person must be able to interpret the therapist’s attitudes as being authentic in nature in order to have the therapy be successful.
Some advantages to this therapy is that the person works out their problems and the therapist helps to provide the unconditional positive regard that everyone needs. This style of therapy has been criticized by behaviorists for lacking structure and by psychoanalysts for actually providing a conditional relationship but it has been indicated over time as being vastly effective and popular. I don’t really see any disadvantages.
Rogers proposed a therapy where the therapist’s job was to provide a positive regard for the client and to help the client realize the differences between their actual self and their ideal self. The client would work out their problems on their own under the direction of the therapist. This is why this therapy was called client-centered therapy but became later known as person-centered therapy and was acknowledged as being non-directive.
There are four basic concepts of this therapy. The first one is reflection. Reflection is when the therapist allows the person to talk without interruptions. This step is known as reflection because the therapist lets the person talk, uninterrupted and simply reflects back to the person what they have said. The therapist does not add any comments.
The second one is unconditional positive regard which is the warmth, acceptance, and an uncritical atmosphere. The therapist must show respect for theperson’s feelings, values, and goals. The therapist must show to the person that regardless of what is expressed the therapist has unconditional acceptance of anything that the person shares.
The third is empathy. The therapist must acknowledge what the person is feeling and experiencing. They will listen carefully and closely to what the person is saying and try to empathize or feel what the person feels.
The fourth concept is authenticity. The therapist must be real, open, and honest. They must be able to tolerate the person’s differences without being judgmental. The person must be able to interpret the therapist’s attitudes as being authentic in nature in order to have the therapy be successful.
Some advantages to this therapy is that the person works out their problems and the therapist helps to provide the unconditional positive regard that everyone needs. This style of therapy has been criticized by behaviorists for lacking structure and by psychoanalysts for actually providing a conditional relationship but it has been indicated over time as being vastly effective and popular. I don’t really see any disadvantages.
Psychoanalysis
Psychoanalysis came to be during the 19th & 20th century. It is an insight therapy based on the theory of Freud. He was known as the father of psychoanalysis and emphasized the revealing of unconscious conflicts, urges, and desires that cause disordered emotions, and behavior. He felt that if these unconscious thoughts could be brought to the surface of consciousness it would be therapeutic for the person.
Psychoanalysis addresses unconscious conflicts within the person. Freud included in his therapy on the four concepts surrounding the stages of oral. anal, oedipal, and genital in a person’s development. He analyzed individual case studies by application of dream interpretation, free association and fantasies.
One of the key concepts is dream interpretation. Dream interpretation helps us to evaluate symbols and apply them to our lives. Freud believed that repressed material often surfaced in our dreams in symbolic form.
The second concept in psychoanalysis is free association which is freely saying whatever comes into the patient’s mind without fear or criticism. As the patient begins to talk they reveal things, which are loosely associated with the flow of ideas. This leads the patient to reveal hidden, unconscious concerns.
Fantasy is a wish or desire that usually is not possible or will never exist. Many fantasies can be sexual in nature, but not necessarily. The fantasies are found in the conscious and unconscious mind of the person. Freud examined client’s fantasies to help psychoanalyze their psychological needs.
Freud is famous for his theory of treatment, but also has been very criticized over time. Many think that Freud was too sexually fixated and viewed that most people’s disorders were sexual in basis. He based his theory and treatment by case studies that contained no scientific basis and eliminated people in his works that did not comply with his view points and his method could take years for treatment to occur.
Psychoanalysis addresses unconscious conflicts within the person. Freud included in his therapy on the four concepts surrounding the stages of oral. anal, oedipal, and genital in a person’s development. He analyzed individual case studies by application of dream interpretation, free association and fantasies.
One of the key concepts is dream interpretation. Dream interpretation helps us to evaluate symbols and apply them to our lives. Freud believed that repressed material often surfaced in our dreams in symbolic form.
The second concept in psychoanalysis is free association which is freely saying whatever comes into the patient’s mind without fear or criticism. As the patient begins to talk they reveal things, which are loosely associated with the flow of ideas. This leads the patient to reveal hidden, unconscious concerns.
Fantasy is a wish or desire that usually is not possible or will never exist. Many fantasies can be sexual in nature, but not necessarily. The fantasies are found in the conscious and unconscious mind of the person. Freud examined client’s fantasies to help psychoanalyze their psychological needs.
Freud is famous for his theory of treatment, but also has been very criticized over time. Many think that Freud was too sexually fixated and viewed that most people’s disorders were sexual in basis. He based his theory and treatment by case studies that contained no scientific basis and eliminated people in his works that did not comply with his view points and his method could take years for treatment to occur.
Monday, December 5, 2011
Multiple Personalties
There are several different types of dissociative disorders. A person’s conscious awareness separates (dissociates) from previous memories, thought or feelings. The person can not recall certain events in their life. Psychologists think that this disorder may be a result of some type of trauma. The dissociation is a coping mechanism that the person uses to be able to handle the traumatic experience because the person is unable to integrate the trauma into their conscious self.
There are four general classifications of dissociative disorders: amnesia, fugue, multiple personality disorder, and depersonalization disorder. Amnesia can be localized, selective, generalized and systematized in nature. Localized amnesia is when a person looses memory of time for a specific window of time. Selective amnesia the person remembers only small parts of an event. Generalized amnesia is where a person can not remember their entire life. Systematized specific is when a person can not remember a certain category of information such as a specific person or place.
A dissociative fugue is a rare occurrence. The person takes a physical leave of their normal surroundings and goes on a journey. They can travel long distances and not be aware of where they have come from and or why they have left. It is thought that the person could eventually take upon a new identity although this is believed to be very rare.
Multiple personality disorder is when a person experiences different personalities that surfaces from time to time and along with the different personalities the person has different memories because of the events that occur when the person is experiencing the different personalities.
Depersonalization disorder is when a person views the external world around them as being somehow unreal or distorted. They experience detachment or distance from their own experiences, their own body or their own self.
There has been much controversy about the diagnosis of dissociative disorders. Many don’t support the fact that it does exist and think that possibly some health care professional personnel suggested the disorder to the person and the person under treatment took this suggestion as part of their persona. Many people think that the old term hysteria, now defined as dissociative disorder, may be more extensively diagnosed in today’s mental health care system. They believe that examples of this disorder have always existed. It is an alarming thought that the highest percentage of the diagnosis is located in North America. That does give rise to a thought provoking question of why this is statistically indicated.
The disorder of amnesia makes sense to me that it can really occur. If a person experiences a very traumatic experience to them their psyche will use a protective mechanism to help the person though the experience. Many examples of amnesia have been communicated by a variety of people that has experienced a variety of trauma. Although there have been cases of people claiming to be accused of a crime and they state they don’t remember anything about the event. I really have a hard time believing that someone could really do something like murder but than not be aware of the event.
The fugue has been indicated as being a rare event. I really question if this could really occur. I have watched TV shows on crime where some people have experienced a fugue after a physical attack and then gone across country and not remembering who they are or where they are from. Still I really wonder if this is an actual event or just an example of amnesia that is a little prolonged and the person takes action in the form of mobility to cope with the loss of memories.
Multiple personalities have been indicated as the most prevalent of the dissociative disorders. I really believe that this diagnosis is real and does occur. I have experienced in the past class mates with this diagnosis and have experienced their different “people” and memories that go with each person. I am aware of the case study of Sybil and of course that has been indicated as a coping mechanism she used to survive extreme abuse. I have watched the famous movie Psycho by Alfred Hitchcock and have watched the story of Norman and his multiple personality issues. Although this was a fictional story of violence and murder done in an extreme I really can see how that could possibly happen.
As far as the depersonalization disorder where a person believes that their world is somehow unreal, I really don’t know anything about nor have I experienced it with anyone that I know of. Maybe in a mental ward you might find this type of disorder, but I am not really sure about that.
There are four general classifications of dissociative disorders: amnesia, fugue, multiple personality disorder, and depersonalization disorder. Amnesia can be localized, selective, generalized and systematized in nature. Localized amnesia is when a person looses memory of time for a specific window of time. Selective amnesia the person remembers only small parts of an event. Generalized amnesia is where a person can not remember their entire life. Systematized specific is when a person can not remember a certain category of information such as a specific person or place.
A dissociative fugue is a rare occurrence. The person takes a physical leave of their normal surroundings and goes on a journey. They can travel long distances and not be aware of where they have come from and or why they have left. It is thought that the person could eventually take upon a new identity although this is believed to be very rare.
Multiple personality disorder is when a person experiences different personalities that surfaces from time to time and along with the different personalities the person has different memories because of the events that occur when the person is experiencing the different personalities.
Depersonalization disorder is when a person views the external world around them as being somehow unreal or distorted. They experience detachment or distance from their own experiences, their own body or their own self.
There has been much controversy about the diagnosis of dissociative disorders. Many don’t support the fact that it does exist and think that possibly some health care professional personnel suggested the disorder to the person and the person under treatment took this suggestion as part of their persona. Many people think that the old term hysteria, now defined as dissociative disorder, may be more extensively diagnosed in today’s mental health care system. They believe that examples of this disorder have always existed. It is an alarming thought that the highest percentage of the diagnosis is located in North America. That does give rise to a thought provoking question of why this is statistically indicated.
The disorder of amnesia makes sense to me that it can really occur. If a person experiences a very traumatic experience to them their psyche will use a protective mechanism to help the person though the experience. Many examples of amnesia have been communicated by a variety of people that has experienced a variety of trauma. Although there have been cases of people claiming to be accused of a crime and they state they don’t remember anything about the event. I really have a hard time believing that someone could really do something like murder but than not be aware of the event.
The fugue has been indicated as being a rare event. I really question if this could really occur. I have watched TV shows on crime where some people have experienced a fugue after a physical attack and then gone across country and not remembering who they are or where they are from. Still I really wonder if this is an actual event or just an example of amnesia that is a little prolonged and the person takes action in the form of mobility to cope with the loss of memories.
Multiple personalities have been indicated as the most prevalent of the dissociative disorders. I really believe that this diagnosis is real and does occur. I have experienced in the past class mates with this diagnosis and have experienced their different “people” and memories that go with each person. I am aware of the case study of Sybil and of course that has been indicated as a coping mechanism she used to survive extreme abuse. I have watched the famous movie Psycho by Alfred Hitchcock and have watched the story of Norman and his multiple personality issues. Although this was a fictional story of violence and murder done in an extreme I really can see how that could possibly happen.
As far as the depersonalization disorder where a person believes that their world is somehow unreal, I really don’t know anything about nor have I experienced it with anyone that I know of. Maybe in a mental ward you might find this type of disorder, but I am not really sure about that.
Temple Grandin
The movie Temple Grandin is about a woman named Temple Grandin who was born with autism. She was different from most kids because she learned to talk. Most autistic kids never learn to talk. Her mother wanted her to interact with other children so that she wasn’t completely isolated from the world. She helped on her aunts farms every summer where she discovered that she liked working with cattle. She went to boarding school, and went on to college. She received masters too. People picked on her a lot because she was weird. While in college she developed a “squeeze machine”. This helped her relax by hugging their body. She used this in great times of stress to fell better because she didn’t like human contact. She went on to get masters in science. She discovered her passion in life which was animal husbandry. She redesigned and developed many animal slaughter houses. She believed that the cattle should be relaxed before they got slaughter, a slow not painful death. This movie taught the power of people with disabilities can overcome a lot. This is a very inspiring movie and I would recommend it to everyone.
Personalties
If I had to choose a personality assessment I would not choose projective tests. A famous projective test is the Rorschach ink blots. I would not want to take this test because I don’t feel comfortable and because I have problems seeing things from optical illusions. I wouldn’t like taking the interview assessment test. I don’t like getting interviewed. For an interview for a job the boss would ask a bunch of questions about different personality traits, strengths and weaknesses, and how the person used them in other job experiences. This would be good for people who have had job experience but if the person hasn’t had job experience it wouldn’t be good. I would prefer the inventory assessment the most because I would feel the most comfortable. People are asked to provide their answers on a scale from 0-4, and it is readable on a fourth grade level and I think I would have fun with it. I would not more than one approach taken.
Wednesday, November 23, 2011
The Baron
The Baron which has now been changed back to the Crier published 2 more of my articles. I am very proud. My friend Jacob even said that he thought that my article was very good. I love that my talent is being showcased.
Dissonance
Cognitive dissonance is a theory about human motivation. Cognation is an attitude or behavior that a person supports. Dissonance is an unpleasant feeling or conflict. Cognition is a desire to maintain harmony between one’s beliefs and one’s actions. Dissonance causes disharmony when someone makes a decision and follows a route of action that disagrees with their original cognition. Everyone faces frequently opportunities to make choices and to follow a course of action. When the course of action of which choice is made causes a conflict many times irrational thinking will develop. Irrational thinking is the attempt to lesson the dissonance maintaining harmony. There are three ways that people can decrease their cognitive dissonance in any decision or course of action. For example the surgeon general of the United States has provided extensive education to the people of the United States of the dangers, and addictiveness of tobacco products. Therefore people have a cognitive choice to smoke or not to smoke. People in any stage of their life, even though well educated can make a decision to use tobacco products. After their decision to use tobacco products, how do they reduce their cognitive dissonance? First they can change their conflicting behavior to have it match their attitude. Using this way people will quit using tobacco products (cold turkey) no matter what it takes. The second way they can change their conflicting cognition is to justify their behavior. For example people could realize their craving for tobacco products shouldn’t have them so they decrease their disharmony by forming an opinion such as “I have to die from something any so by using tobacco products I will at least have a choice”. The third way that people can reduce their cognitive dissonance is by life forming new cognitions to justify their behavior. In this example people admit that they are using tobacco products, they want to continue to use therefore it will explain their actions. A person might say something like (I only smoke when I go out with my smoking friends and I go out with them only once a week therefore I smoke less and therefore it’s less harmful).All of the above examples are people trying to reduce their cognitive dissonance by convincing themselves to use or not to use tobacco products.
Milgram
Milgram was a social psychologist in the 1960’s who performed a highly debated research study with the correlation between obeying commands from an authority figure and the level of obedience. Even though I think that Milgram’s research raised ethical questions I do think that it did show the effect that authority has upon the obedience of others. I think that the fact that no one in the research study was really shocked did not have an effect on the participants because all the teachers believed that they were an authority over the learners and therefore had the power to inflict shocks. The teachers however were following the insistence to continue many times against their better judgment by a higher authority their professor.
I would have strong ethical issues if someone were to replicate this experiment using actual shock. I don’t think that inflicting actual pain would change the outcome of the initial experiment. I mean what is the point? Historically it’s well documented the actions of others using obedience to a higher authority regardless of the outcome. For example knights followed the instructions of their king with the purpose of maintaining their territory. Hitler’s SS soldiers followed his orders even though they were attempting to eradicate a whole Jewish population. Mafia wise guys follow the instructions of their mafia boss regardless of the severity of the request. Power and obedience is an age old phenomenon and will continue regardless of research replication to prove the actions of others.
I would have strong ethical issues if someone were to replicate this experiment using actual shock. I don’t think that inflicting actual pain would change the outcome of the initial experiment. I mean what is the point? Historically it’s well documented the actions of others using obedience to a higher authority regardless of the outcome. For example knights followed the instructions of their king with the purpose of maintaining their territory. Hitler’s SS soldiers followed his orders even though they were attempting to eradicate a whole Jewish population. Mafia wise guys follow the instructions of their mafia boss regardless of the severity of the request. Power and obedience is an age old phenomenon and will continue regardless of research replication to prove the actions of others.
Tuesday, November 22, 2011
Wolf of a Day
Wolves, the first reaction that people usually have about them is that they are vicious and terrible creatures. But in reality they are really is one of the gentlest creatures you will ever meet. Mission Wolf is an organization that travels all around the country educating people about the importance of wolf preservation. They came to CCC and gave a hands on presentation with the wolves present. The headquarters for this organization is in Westcliffe, Colorado. The refuge in Colorado currently houses up to 40 wolves. The refuge provides a safe and non stressful environment for the wolves to live in peace away from people. Mission Wolf strives to reduce the number of wolves in captivity. The program teaches people about the tragedy of wolves in captivity. Wild animals do not make good pets. They belong in the wild. A lot of farmers and people kill the wolves. If the people only understand the wolves’ behavior instead of killing them people would not be afraid of them. They are just as scared of you as you are of them. They want to say hi and lick your face. Mission Wolf shows the importance of wolf recovery, and the enhancement of remaining ecosystems. This program inspires people to get involved in conservation and preservation of ecosystems. All the souvenirs that Mission Wolf sells 100% of all the proceeds goes to the wolves to save them from future generations.
Tuesday, November 15, 2011
CCC Hosts a Night of Original Talent
Nick Ippoliti sang the night away Wednesday October 19th at CCC’s Original Talent Night at Market Street’s Soulfull Cup.
The place was packed as Mr. Ippoliti, is a CCC English professor, demonstrated a one man band of talent. With his guitar in hand and his fedora hat tilted on his head he belted out original folk tunes along with some his original music. Much of his music he writes himself, but he does perform other’s music such as songs done by Johhny Cash.
Some of his creations that he shared not only had attracting themes, but the titles gave a hint as to the flavorful content. He sang selections called: Straight Jacket, Americana, Mama’s Got a Girlfriend and Spanish Fountain. He would periodically interject comments or thoughts that surrounded the creation of his intriguing tales. For example his song Spanish fountain he told was an inspiration from a personal trip he took to Italy. While in search of his genealogy he discovered multiple beautiful water fountains that had been built in Italy by the Spanish during the Holy Wars. The Spanish built these fountains to make clan water available to all future soldiers in their travels, hence the inspiration for his song. He is a great combination of singer/songwriter, a Grammy nominee and is currently working on his 5th album. Is truly fortunate to have the creative Mr. Ippoliti in their midst. Write long and sing hard Mr. Ippoliti.
The place was packed as Mr. Ippoliti, is a CCC English professor, demonstrated a one man band of talent. With his guitar in hand and his fedora hat tilted on his head he belted out original folk tunes along with some his original music. Much of his music he writes himself, but he does perform other’s music such as songs done by Johhny Cash.
Some of his creations that he shared not only had attracting themes, but the titles gave a hint as to the flavorful content. He sang selections called: Straight Jacket, Americana, Mama’s Got a Girlfriend and Spanish Fountain. He would periodically interject comments or thoughts that surrounded the creation of his intriguing tales. For example his song Spanish fountain he told was an inspiration from a personal trip he took to Italy. While in search of his genealogy he discovered multiple beautiful water fountains that had been built in Italy by the Spanish during the Holy Wars. The Spanish built these fountains to make clan water available to all future soldiers in their travels, hence the inspiration for his song. He is a great combination of singer/songwriter, a Grammy nominee and is currently working on his 5th album. Is truly fortunate to have the creative Mr. Ippoliti in their midst. Write long and sing hard Mr. Ippoliti.
The Beef of Spam
Something that really gets on everybody’s nerves is spam email. According to internetslang.com the definition of spam is unsolicited e-mail. Maria checks her email frequently and she has received spam mail from a Viagra company. How do these companies get your email address in the first place? Spammers collect your email from chat rooms, websites, customer lists, newsgroups, and from viruses. Then they can send you spam from all sorts of companies. Pharmacies, drug companies, send out 81% of all spam. Replica companies send out 5.40%. Enhancer companies, companies that sell drugs to enhance body parts, send out 2.30% of mail. Phishing spam involves hackers that imitate banks, fake websites, and other organizations send out 2.30% of all spam. College degrees accumulate 1.30% of all spam. Casino spam 1%, weight loss is 0.40%, and all other spam is 6.30%. Spam mail can cause viruses and worms to infect your computers. In the United States spammers have to follow certain rules to be legal. The information they get has to be truthful, and it can’t forged information. But how much do these companies really get out of spam mail? Most people do not really pay attention to it. A lot of spam emails have a way to unsubscribe from receiving future contact from the companies. It is not a good idea to unsubscribe from the companies because in a study it was found that 16% of companies will continue to contact you.
Tuesday, November 8, 2011
Famous Room 203
October21, 2011 was a memorable night for CCC and the surrounding community. CCC had the pleasure to present Erin Gruwell for an evening of a true application of theory and educational practice.
Erin Gruwell is a young, energetic female who worked in a very poor and dangerous inner city school in Long Beach, California approximately 15 years ago. The fruits of her labor were multiple, but the world took notice when her class of social misfits compiled a book during her high school English class. The book, The Freedom Writers, was created in the now famous room 203. The story became so popular that it went on to be made into a movie. Although her presentation was very emotional at times by pointing out the trials and tribulations of hers it culminated with a truly uplifting message.Being in the presence of an academic audience was so poi net because she took a well known psychological theorist know as Eric Maslow and his Hierarchy of Needs and tested and proved his theory is valuable and applicable to real life. She talked about her classroom full of students who found the stages of Maslow challenging and nearly impossible to achieve. They strove for basic needs, safety and some kind of feeling of belonging. She found it challenging to teach students who struggled with daily basic needs. They had no desire or interest in going up the pyramid of needs. Therefore they were stagnated and unable to be taught the desire to learn and achieve. The first step in the pyramid of need is hunger, thirst, and fatigue. When Erin Gruwell first met the class, she realized that many of them came from single mother homes, lived in poverty and were starved, and thirsty. Most of them had eaten little for days. The second stage in the pyramid is safety. None of the students in the class felt safe. They walked the streets outside their homes and on their way to school in fear everyday that they would get shot down and die at a young age. Many had already buried many close friends and a relative due to gang fighting.The third stage in the pyramid is belonging. These kids would join gangs, even though they knew that illegal activities could get them arrested or worse killed. Their desire to belong was so great it over rode their judgment because it gave them a sense of belonging to a group. Any group would make them feel like they belonged somewhere. Many of them were gang members, wore gang colors and actively participated in gang warfare. The fourth stage is esteem. These students had never reached this level of Maslow. They were striving so hard to get the lowest levels met that self-esteem and self respect were alien concepts to them. They felt worthless and deep down inside thought that an early death would not be a bad outcome. They had no constructive chances for recognition in achievement, feeling valued, or gaining respect from others. The fifth stage is cognitive. Her class had never read a complete book and some of them even had difficulty reading at all. They did not see the value in such activities and it made no sense to them to value learning activities. Their learning consisted of the street life, and streetwise techniques. The sixth step is appreciating order and beauty. Their lives had no order or beauty. They had constant discord in every aspect of their lives and finding beauty living in dirty, falling down development housing covered in gang graffiti of an inner city can make it difficult to see or be able to recognize any beauty. These students had no chance to achieve the last step of the pyramid unless something drastic changed in their lives. Self-actualization to find self-fulfillment and realizing their potential was totally unreachable for them. They were unable to achieve themselves let alone help others or recognize that they may even have possibilities.
With inspiration from positive role models such as Anne Frank Ms. Gruwell showed her class that there can always be hope even in the throes of despair. Each of the 150 students that she taught in room 203 graduated from high school. This was a totally unpredicted statistic for that population base. They all went on to college. Today many of them are teachers and one is a lawyer. She is very proud of all her students and goes about the country telling their story. All money that is earned through speaking engagements, book sales and royalties from the movie goes to a scholarship to aid future students for success. Each of the original students are mentors for the current high school students in that area. Ms. Gruwell showed her class that there can always be hope even in the throes of despair and proved that Maslow’s Hierarchy can be achieved.
Erin Gruwell is a young, energetic female who worked in a very poor and dangerous inner city school in Long Beach, California approximately 15 years ago. The fruits of her labor were multiple, but the world took notice when her class of social misfits compiled a book during her high school English class. The book, The Freedom Writers, was created in the now famous room 203. The story became so popular that it went on to be made into a movie. Although her presentation was very emotional at times by pointing out the trials and tribulations of hers it culminated with a truly uplifting message.Being in the presence of an academic audience was so poi net because she took a well known psychological theorist know as Eric Maslow and his Hierarchy of Needs and tested and proved his theory is valuable and applicable to real life. She talked about her classroom full of students who found the stages of Maslow challenging and nearly impossible to achieve. They strove for basic needs, safety and some kind of feeling of belonging. She found it challenging to teach students who struggled with daily basic needs. They had no desire or interest in going up the pyramid of needs. Therefore they were stagnated and unable to be taught the desire to learn and achieve. The first step in the pyramid of need is hunger, thirst, and fatigue. When Erin Gruwell first met the class, she realized that many of them came from single mother homes, lived in poverty and were starved, and thirsty. Most of them had eaten little for days. The second stage in the pyramid is safety. None of the students in the class felt safe. They walked the streets outside their homes and on their way to school in fear everyday that they would get shot down and die at a young age. Many had already buried many close friends and a relative due to gang fighting.The third stage in the pyramid is belonging. These kids would join gangs, even though they knew that illegal activities could get them arrested or worse killed. Their desire to belong was so great it over rode their judgment because it gave them a sense of belonging to a group. Any group would make them feel like they belonged somewhere. Many of them were gang members, wore gang colors and actively participated in gang warfare. The fourth stage is esteem. These students had never reached this level of Maslow. They were striving so hard to get the lowest levels met that self-esteem and self respect were alien concepts to them. They felt worthless and deep down inside thought that an early death would not be a bad outcome. They had no constructive chances for recognition in achievement, feeling valued, or gaining respect from others. The fifth stage is cognitive. Her class had never read a complete book and some of them even had difficulty reading at all. They did not see the value in such activities and it made no sense to them to value learning activities. Their learning consisted of the street life, and streetwise techniques. The sixth step is appreciating order and beauty. Their lives had no order or beauty. They had constant discord in every aspect of their lives and finding beauty living in dirty, falling down development housing covered in gang graffiti of an inner city can make it difficult to see or be able to recognize any beauty. These students had no chance to achieve the last step of the pyramid unless something drastic changed in their lives. Self-actualization to find self-fulfillment and realizing their potential was totally unreachable for them. They were unable to achieve themselves let alone help others or recognize that they may even have possibilities.
With inspiration from positive role models such as Anne Frank Ms. Gruwell showed her class that there can always be hope even in the throes of despair. Each of the 150 students that she taught in room 203 graduated from high school. This was a totally unpredicted statistic for that population base. They all went on to college. Today many of them are teachers and one is a lawyer. She is very proud of all her students and goes about the country telling their story. All money that is earned through speaking engagements, book sales and royalties from the movie goes to a scholarship to aid future students for success. Each of the original students are mentors for the current high school students in that area. Ms. Gruwell showed her class that there can always be hope even in the throes of despair and proved that Maslow’s Hierarchy can be achieved.
Andrognous
An androgyny is a person who possesses a combination of both female and male characteristics. This is a type of person who doesn’t fit into the traditional roles of society. This person is able to problem solve like their opposite sex and therefore have more diverse problem solving tactics. For example a female may lack a male in her life, therefore she figures out how to check the oil in her car, air in the tires and change the tires. In the past such activities have been more traditionally accomplished by males. On the other hand a man without a female partner may figure out how to cook a three course meal, wash his clothes efficiently and paint his little girl’s fingernails. In the past such activities have been accomplished by more females. Our society is becoming more androgynous. It has been researched that people who are androgynous have developed characteristics that make them both male and female disregarding their actual gender.
In today’s society more and more people are becoming androgyny in character. Over time due to society demands and lack of opposite sex partners people have adapted to handle and cope with life by developing problem solving techniques more like their opposite sex. Traditional roles of males versus females in our society have become more and more blurred. Being able to adapt using this problem solving style can be a definite advantage. Many people become less dependent upon the opposite sex to help them with everyday life decisions and activities. This enhances the person’s independence and over all ability to cope with life. On the other hand this technique can have definite disadvantages. Over time it is becoming more and more obvious that gender roles are becoming more blurred. People are discovering that if they can problem solve by being more androgynous than why do they need the opposite sex? They can cope and problem solve well without their assistance. The opposite sex may lose value in the eyes of the other and can even become a burden over time causing people to become so independent that relationships between males and females become lost. Over time this can cause disintegration in society as we know it with less male and female partnerships and more single adult households.
In today’s society more and more people are becoming androgyny in character. Over time due to society demands and lack of opposite sex partners people have adapted to handle and cope with life by developing problem solving techniques more like their opposite sex. Traditional roles of males versus females in our society have become more and more blurred. Being able to adapt using this problem solving style can be a definite advantage. Many people become less dependent upon the opposite sex to help them with everyday life decisions and activities. This enhances the person’s independence and over all ability to cope with life. On the other hand this technique can have definite disadvantages. Over time it is becoming more and more obvious that gender roles are becoming more blurred. People are discovering that if they can problem solve by being more androgynous than why do they need the opposite sex? They can cope and problem solve well without their assistance. The opposite sex may lose value in the eyes of the other and can even become a burden over time causing people to become so independent that relationships between males and females become lost. Over time this can cause disintegration in society as we know it with less male and female partnerships and more single adult households.
Gender Idenity
There are many terms that are used to differentiate the male from the female. Biological development if the most obvious. Physical characteristics that help identify the female are being born with a vagina, uterus, and ovaries. Males are born with a penis, testes, scrotum, and a prostate gland. Around the age of 10-12 children experience puberty. When both sexes have growth spurts approaching adolescents and secondary sexual characteristics develop. Females develop a menstrual cycle, enlarged breasts, wider hips, public hair, and fat deposits. Males develop deepening of their voice, facial and public hair, and coarser skin.
Gender identity is the individual’s sense of being male or female. A person’s gender identity is defined as the psychological aspects of being a male or female. A person’s culture, development of their personality and the sense of who they are shapes the definition of gender. Gender does not only effect the way a male or female may feel about themselves, but their relationship with their friends, coworkers and intimate partners as well as what others think of them. For example males are expected to dress masculine, do masculine activities and interact with other males as friends not intimate partners. Females are expected to dress feminine, such as wear a bra, do feminine activities like paint their nails, and interact with other females like discussing boyfriends and how they find them attractive sexually. Many times these male and female behaviors are directed by cultural clues. In other words how the adults in that society expect the males and females to act. For example in the U.S. for a male to wear a dress would be greatly discouraged and not expected. In Africa males wear dresses and are recognized as a norm, especially for special cultural occasions.
Gender identity is the process of a person becoming a male versus a female. Obviously physical development plays a role, but environmental factors enter into the development as well. Gender typing has a big influence of how males and females learn from their culture expectations in behavior. For example if a boy is taught to place with Barbie dolls it may affect his gender identity towards being more feminine in character. If a girl is encouraged to act more masculine, do masculine chores, activities and act rough and tough it may effect her gender identity towards being more masculine. However researchers have not concluded which factors, biological versus environmental, may have more of an affect on the child’s gender identity development. So cultural clues can have a big effect on the way males and females carry out their life roles.
Gender development can be effected by many factors, biological, environmental as well as cultural. A person’s development of their being is effected by all of these areas. However one must also consider that just because all of these factors come into play in the development of a person, one can not be assured the outcome. In many cultures roles of the male and female are blurred and vary from one culture to another. The development of a person is very complex and can also change over time.
Some individual’s feel that they are supposed to be a different sex than what they are. This is called gender identity disorder. Some will even have surgery to become the other gender. A functional magnetic resonance imaging showed that areas involved in emotional and sexual were more strongly active in men that in women.
Gender identity is the individual’s sense of being male or female. A person’s gender identity is defined as the psychological aspects of being a male or female. A person’s culture, development of their personality and the sense of who they are shapes the definition of gender. Gender does not only effect the way a male or female may feel about themselves, but their relationship with their friends, coworkers and intimate partners as well as what others think of them. For example males are expected to dress masculine, do masculine activities and interact with other males as friends not intimate partners. Females are expected to dress feminine, such as wear a bra, do feminine activities like paint their nails, and interact with other females like discussing boyfriends and how they find them attractive sexually. Many times these male and female behaviors are directed by cultural clues. In other words how the adults in that society expect the males and females to act. For example in the U.S. for a male to wear a dress would be greatly discouraged and not expected. In Africa males wear dresses and are recognized as a norm, especially for special cultural occasions.
Gender identity is the process of a person becoming a male versus a female. Obviously physical development plays a role, but environmental factors enter into the development as well. Gender typing has a big influence of how males and females learn from their culture expectations in behavior. For example if a boy is taught to place with Barbie dolls it may affect his gender identity towards being more feminine in character. If a girl is encouraged to act more masculine, do masculine chores, activities and act rough and tough it may effect her gender identity towards being more masculine. However researchers have not concluded which factors, biological versus environmental, may have more of an affect on the child’s gender identity development. So cultural clues can have a big effect on the way males and females carry out their life roles.
Gender development can be effected by many factors, biological, environmental as well as cultural. A person’s development of their being is effected by all of these areas. However one must also consider that just because all of these factors come into play in the development of a person, one can not be assured the outcome. In many cultures roles of the male and female are blurred and vary from one culture to another. The development of a person is very complex and can also change over time.
Some individual’s feel that they are supposed to be a different sex than what they are. This is called gender identity disorder. Some will even have surgery to become the other gender. A functional magnetic resonance imaging showed that areas involved in emotional and sexual were more strongly active in men that in women.
Tuesday, November 1, 2011
Into the Mind of Kate Douglass
Recently I had the pleasure of meeting and interviewing Dr. Kate Douglas, the President of Corning Community College. Being new the Upstate New York, she hails from Massachusetts but she is also Corning Community College’s first female president. She started her new position this past summer, but it is clear that she has acclimated well, made many new friends and is daily observed as having academic strength balanced well with grace.
A typical day for Dr. Douglas includes lots of meetings, reports, committee work, problem solving, and the budget. Every day something new and exciting awaits Dr. Douglas. But she is set apart from the average because she likes to interact with students. While making her daily rounds walking around campus and seeing what is going on it is obvious to everyone that she strives to place students first. She can be observed stopping on her daily constitution around campus and chatting with students as well as faculty and staff alike. She is interested in people and takes time out of her busy schedule to connect while assuredly tending to the job at hand. It is obvious that she works to create an organization and culture that respects all.
She commented that she wants a connection to the community that is inviting, welcoming the community to get involved in the CCC organization and infrastructure. Dr. Douglas has an open door policy to her office and frequently encourages people to stop by. I have met her several times in the short few weeks that I have joined the college campus this fall. I find her interested, inviting and energetic. Dr. Douglas shared some helpful advice personally to me as a student. She said TO believe in your dreams, remember it’s never too late for anything, always stay in touch with who you are, and never be afraid to take risks.
A typical day for Dr. Douglas includes lots of meetings, reports, committee work, problem solving, and the budget. Every day something new and exciting awaits Dr. Douglas. But she is set apart from the average because she likes to interact with students. While making her daily rounds walking around campus and seeing what is going on it is obvious to everyone that she strives to place students first. She can be observed stopping on her daily constitution around campus and chatting with students as well as faculty and staff alike. She is interested in people and takes time out of her busy schedule to connect while assuredly tending to the job at hand. It is obvious that she works to create an organization and culture that respects all.
She commented that she wants a connection to the community that is inviting, welcoming the community to get involved in the CCC organization and infrastructure. Dr. Douglas has an open door policy to her office and frequently encourages people to stop by. I have met her several times in the short few weeks that I have joined the college campus this fall. I find her interested, inviting and energetic. Dr. Douglas shared some helpful advice personally to me as a student. She said TO believe in your dreams, remember it’s never too late for anything, always stay in touch with who you are, and never be afraid to take risks.
Thursday, October 27, 2011
Pyramid
This past Friday evening I went and listened and met the author of the Freedom Writers Erin Gruwell. She talked about teaching in a very poor and dangerous inner high school in California about 12 years ago. She talked about her classroom with a room full of students who found the stages of Maslow challenging and nearly impossible to achieve. They strove for basic needs, safety and some kind of feeling of belonging. She found it challenging to teach students who struggled with daily basic needs. They had no desire or interest in going up the pyramid of needs. Therefore they were stagnated and unable to be taught the desire to learn and achieve.
The first step in the pyramid of need is hunger, thirst, and fatigue. When Erin Gruwell first met the class, she realized that many of them came from single mother homes, lived in poverty and were starved, and thirsty. Most of them had eaten little for days.
The second stage in the pyramid is safety. None of the students in the class felt safe. They walked the streets outside their homes and on their way to school in fear everyday that they would get shot down and die at a young age. Many had already buried many close friends and relatives due to gang fighting.
The third stage in the pyramid is belonging. These kids would join gangs, even though they knew that illegal activities could get them arrested or worse killed. Their desire to belong was so great it over rode their judgment because it gave them a sense of belonging to a group. Any group would make them feel like they belonged somewhere. Many of them were gang members and actively participated in gang warfare..
The fourth stage is esteem. These students had never reached this level of Maslow. They were striving so hard to get the lowest levels met that self esteem and self respect were alien concepts for them. They felt worthless and not worthy and felt that an early death would not be a bad outcome. They had no constructive chances for recognition in achievement, feeling valued, or gaining respect from others.
The fifth stage is cognitive. Her class had never read a complete book and some of them even had difficulty reading at all. They did not see the value in such activities and it made no sense to them to value learning activities. Their learning consisted of street life and learning street wise techniques.
The sixth step is appreciating order and beauty. Their lives had no order or beauty. They had constant discord in every aspect of their lives and finding beauty living in development housing of an inner city can make it difficult to see or be able to recognize any beauty.
These students had no change to achieve the last step of the pyramid unless something drastic changed in their lives. Self actualization to find self fullment and realizing their potential were totally unreachable for them. The transcendence need of helping others to achieve was impossible for them to obtain. They were unable to achieve themselves let a lone help others or recognize that there may even be any possibilities.
After listening to Ms. Gruwell it came obvious to me that Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs has been a successful step process for me. I have always had basic needs met and never have felt hunger or cold. I have been raised in a rural and safe home environment. I have always felt loved by my family and friends. I have been able to join many clubs and go to social events at school that make me feel connected socially. I feel self esteem through achievement in awana club by being a member and than a leader for others, high school, and my work study job. I have a strong sense of accomplishment. I feel that I have self respect and respect from others in my daily life by being able to do community service and attend college. I am able to appreciate beauty on a daily basis. I have been taught to observe nature and appreciate the four seasons. I enjoy my digital art class that I am taking with the creativity of projects and being able to express my self. The last stage of self actualization and transcendence which is helping others to achieve their full potential is a stage that I have not yet achieved. This will come with more life experience and maturity. All of the steps of the hierarchy I strive to succeed at each day.
The first step in the pyramid of need is hunger, thirst, and fatigue. When Erin Gruwell first met the class, she realized that many of them came from single mother homes, lived in poverty and were starved, and thirsty. Most of them had eaten little for days.
The second stage in the pyramid is safety. None of the students in the class felt safe. They walked the streets outside their homes and on their way to school in fear everyday that they would get shot down and die at a young age. Many had already buried many close friends and relatives due to gang fighting.
The third stage in the pyramid is belonging. These kids would join gangs, even though they knew that illegal activities could get them arrested or worse killed. Their desire to belong was so great it over rode their judgment because it gave them a sense of belonging to a group. Any group would make them feel like they belonged somewhere. Many of them were gang members and actively participated in gang warfare..
The fourth stage is esteem. These students had never reached this level of Maslow. They were striving so hard to get the lowest levels met that self esteem and self respect were alien concepts for them. They felt worthless and not worthy and felt that an early death would not be a bad outcome. They had no constructive chances for recognition in achievement, feeling valued, or gaining respect from others.
The fifth stage is cognitive. Her class had never read a complete book and some of them even had difficulty reading at all. They did not see the value in such activities and it made no sense to them to value learning activities. Their learning consisted of street life and learning street wise techniques.
The sixth step is appreciating order and beauty. Their lives had no order or beauty. They had constant discord in every aspect of their lives and finding beauty living in development housing of an inner city can make it difficult to see or be able to recognize any beauty.
These students had no change to achieve the last step of the pyramid unless something drastic changed in their lives. Self actualization to find self fullment and realizing their potential were totally unreachable for them. The transcendence need of helping others to achieve was impossible for them to obtain. They were unable to achieve themselves let a lone help others or recognize that there may even be any possibilities.
After listening to Ms. Gruwell it came obvious to me that Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs has been a successful step process for me. I have always had basic needs met and never have felt hunger or cold. I have been raised in a rural and safe home environment. I have always felt loved by my family and friends. I have been able to join many clubs and go to social events at school that make me feel connected socially. I feel self esteem through achievement in awana club by being a member and than a leader for others, high school, and my work study job. I have a strong sense of accomplishment. I feel that I have self respect and respect from others in my daily life by being able to do community service and attend college. I am able to appreciate beauty on a daily basis. I have been taught to observe nature and appreciate the four seasons. I enjoy my digital art class that I am taking with the creativity of projects and being able to express my self. The last stage of self actualization and transcendence which is helping others to achieve their full potential is a stage that I have not yet achieved. This will come with more life experience and maturity. All of the steps of the hierarchy I strive to succeed at each day.
3 Types of Needs
McClelland states that there are 3 different types of need. The first one is the need for achievement. This involves a very strong desire to excel in careers, hobbies, education, and the quality for production, doing it right the first time. They like to have feedback on their performance. They don’t care about wealth or money they just want the challenge. If Jamie is failing her math class she will do everything she can to improve her grade so she can pass so that she can achieve success.
The second need is affiliation. This may involve having lots of friends, belonging to a lot of clubs, or going out frequently. They are very social beings and like to be popular with others, and be held in high regard by others. Sophie likes to go dancing, chatting on Facebook, and belongs to many community clubs.
The third type is the need for power. This involves wanting to have influence over other people and having an impact on them. Status and prestige is very important to them and are perceived by them as making them powerful. Don is a politician and he likes to influence other people by having all of his ideas utilized. He lives in a mansion, and has lots of money and owns many materialistic things. Money and prestige are very important to him.
I consider that I fall in the category of achievement. The one thought about Maslow’s theory that one needs to keep in mind is that even though a person is high in the pyramid that can change at any time through life situations and a person could find themselves on step one again at anytime.
The second need is affiliation. This may involve having lots of friends, belonging to a lot of clubs, or going out frequently. They are very social beings and like to be popular with others, and be held in high regard by others. Sophie likes to go dancing, chatting on Facebook, and belongs to many community clubs.
The third type is the need for power. This involves wanting to have influence over other people and having an impact on them. Status and prestige is very important to them and are perceived by them as making them powerful. Don is a politician and he likes to influence other people by having all of his ideas utilized. He lives in a mansion, and has lots of money and owns many materialistic things. Money and prestige are very important to him.
I consider that I fall in the category of achievement. The one thought about Maslow’s theory that one needs to keep in mind is that even though a person is high in the pyramid that can change at any time through life situations and a person could find themselves on step one again at anytime.
Thursday, October 20, 2011
Erickson's 8 Stages
Erickson is well known for his 8 stages of life development. The first stage of Erickson’s 8 stages of psychosocial development is trust vs. mistrust. This applies to children ages 12-18 months. If the child is properly fed, and changed they will trust their parents. But if the parents fail to provide the basic food, comfort, affection, and secure environment then the child will learn to mistrust their parents. For example if Joe is fed, and changed on a regular basis he will trust his parents, but if he is not fed or changed for a few days he will learn to mistrust his parents.
The second stage is autonomy vs. shame and doubt. This applies to children ages 18 months to 3 years. The child begins to get control of their motor abilities and they will want to venture out to explore the world. Their parents will have to teach them right from wrong but if they demand too much from them or refuse to let them perform tasks there are capable of they may start to doubt themselves.
The third stage initiative vs. guilt. This applies to children ages 3 to 6 years. The child wants to start to do risky things like cross the street alone, or ride a bike without a helmet. If their parents encourage their activities but help them to make responsible decisions they will not develop guilt feelings. Justin learns how to ride a bike and he wants to try it without a helmet. His parents need to teach him that going without a helmet is very dangerous.
The fourth stage is industry vs. inferiority. This applies to children ages 6 to 12 years. This is the time for the development of self confidence. If the child is encouraged they will develop diligence. But if they are punished they will develop inferiority about their capabilities.
The fifth stage of psychosocial intelligence is identity vs. role confusion. This applies to young adult’s ages 12 to 18. This is the time when they are concerned with their appearance and trying to figure out what their role is in society. They will try new experiments and activities.
The six stage is intimacy vs. isolation. This is adults ages 19 to 40. This is the time in a person start to think about if they will get married. For example Joe and Maria decide to get married, and have kids.
The seventh stage is generativity versus stagnation. This is for 40-50 year old adults. If they are successful in this stage they feel that they have contributed to society and to future generations. If they have stagnation they feel that they have not contributed.
The eighth stage is ego integrity vs. despair. This is adult ages 65 years or older. This is when we think about if we have lived a successful life, retire, think about our accomplishments and feel satisfaction. Kate thinks about how a she got married at a young age, had kids, and fulfilled her dreams. She believes she has led a successful life. If the adult has large amounts of regrets or feel like they did not succeed than they will develop despair. Many times they will be irritable and generally unhappy with life as a whole.
The second stage is autonomy vs. shame and doubt. This applies to children ages 18 months to 3 years. The child begins to get control of their motor abilities and they will want to venture out to explore the world. Their parents will have to teach them right from wrong but if they demand too much from them or refuse to let them perform tasks there are capable of they may start to doubt themselves.
The third stage initiative vs. guilt. This applies to children ages 3 to 6 years. The child wants to start to do risky things like cross the street alone, or ride a bike without a helmet. If their parents encourage their activities but help them to make responsible decisions they will not develop guilt feelings. Justin learns how to ride a bike and he wants to try it without a helmet. His parents need to teach him that going without a helmet is very dangerous.
The fourth stage is industry vs. inferiority. This applies to children ages 6 to 12 years. This is the time for the development of self confidence. If the child is encouraged they will develop diligence. But if they are punished they will develop inferiority about their capabilities.
The fifth stage of psychosocial intelligence is identity vs. role confusion. This applies to young adult’s ages 12 to 18. This is the time when they are concerned with their appearance and trying to figure out what their role is in society. They will try new experiments and activities.
The six stage is intimacy vs. isolation. This is adults ages 19 to 40. This is the time in a person start to think about if they will get married. For example Joe and Maria decide to get married, and have kids.
The seventh stage is generativity versus stagnation. This is for 40-50 year old adults. If they are successful in this stage they feel that they have contributed to society and to future generations. If they have stagnation they feel that they have not contributed.
The eighth stage is ego integrity vs. despair. This is adult ages 65 years or older. This is when we think about if we have lived a successful life, retire, think about our accomplishments and feel satisfaction. Kate thinks about how a she got married at a young age, had kids, and fulfilled her dreams. She believes she has led a successful life. If the adult has large amounts of regrets or feel like they did not succeed than they will develop despair. Many times they will be irritable and generally unhappy with life as a whole.
5 Stages of Death and Dying
There are many death and dying theories. One well recognized is the theory by Kubler-Ross where she outlines five different stages. The first stage is denial. This is when the dying person refuses to believe that their diagnosis is real. They say that the doctor is wrong and it’s a misdiagnosis and many will ignore symptoms or seek second opinions. The second stage is anger. They become angry because they fell helpless and therefore hopeless due to the fact that there is nothing they can do to prevent the dying process. They ask themselves why me? Why now? They think it’s unjust and unfair. The third stage is bargaining. Bargaining is when they try to make deals with the doctors and God. The dying person wants to try and make a deal with anyone who has control of their lives in an attempt to be able to survive. They want the best treatments and pray to God asking that if he would just let them live to see their child married or graduated from college than they will than agree to die. The fourth stage is depression. They have realized for sure that they are going to die. They begin to mourn the loss of their health, ability to enjoy life normally and the adjustments in their life style necessary to accommodate the dying process and the effect this has on their loved ones. The fifth stage is acceptance when the dying person finally accepts that they are dying. They generally try to live out their final days to the fullest and spend time with the people they love the most. People as they experience the dying process may move back and forth between the different stages. The stages of death and dying don’t necessarily occur in order because death is a very difficult thing to deal with and vary in different cultures.
Tuesday, October 18, 2011
Sunday, October 16, 2011
Agatha
A heuristic device is an educated guess based on prior experience that helps to narrow down the possible solutions to a problem. Agatha has the idea to use newspaper articles to defend her proposition about guns but just using information from newspapers is not a good idea. Journalism can be slanted in opinion and her use of heuristic representative grouping about guns can give rise to bias. Agatha needs to get information from many different sources. A better idea would be to use an algorithm which is a step by step procedure to solve a problem. She needs to start by stating what the issue is. She then needs to make observations about gun use. She needs to do research by using information from books, the internet, and newspapers. She could gather more information about guns by sending out surveys to people about the issue. She than would need to develop a hypothesis that is realistic. She would need to test her stated hypothesis and then after all of these steps she can come to a conclusion. The more information she has the better chances she may have to test her claim against guns. She will have more support in her argument if she had more than just one source. She can’t expect to go and try and ban guns if she doesn’t have a very good problem solving technique to reach a conclusion about her claim. After she has followed all the steps in algorithm style of problem solving she possibly could have people sign a petition for the banishment of guns, or she can write a letter to her governor explaining her ideas.
Solve a Problem
There are many ways to solve a problem. One way might be to try the trial and error method. The trial and error method is when a person tries something over and over until they come to a solution. An example of this method is when a person can’t remember which key is the right one to their house. They can keep attempting each key in the eyelet until they find the right key. An algorithm is when a person has a specific step by step way to solve a problem. A very good example of this is the scientific method. Step 1 what is the problem? Step 2 make observations. Steps 3 do research on the problem. Steps 4 make a hypothesis. Step 5 do experiments on the hypothesis and step 6 come to a conclusion. Heuristics is an educated guess based on prior experience that helps narrow down the possible solutions to the problem. Heuristics have many subcategories like representative heuristics, availability heuristics, and means-end analysis. Representative heuristics is categorizing objects into groups that assume that all the objects have the same characteristics. A great example of this is classifying animals into mammals, reptiles, and amphibians. The availability heuristics estimation is the frequency of a given event.An example might be that one takes a walk for three mikes, but does not count the number of vehicles that pass them by during the walk. Upon completion of the walk the person would estimate the number of vehicles they thought they had observed. The means-end analysis is when a person finds difference between what the problem is and the end result. Then they will take steps to reduce the difference. An excellent example of this is when someone goes to high school. The end result is graduating with a advanced regents high school degree. The difference is the hard work that goes into high school courses to get good grades. A person might be blocked in finding a solution after applying all the techniques of problem solving when they come across a situation that every style fails them. A good example of this might be attempting to do a calculus math problem with no previous knowledge of that level of math ability. The person would become blocked no matter what technique they attempt and no solution to the problem could be reached.
Thursday, October 6, 2011
Flashbulb Memory
A flashbulb memory is a memory that takes place when an unexpected event occurs with a very strong emotional connection occurs and the person remembers the event vividly. Some characteristics of flashbulb memories include place, ongoing activity, informant, own effect, other effect, and aftermath. One very excellent example of a flashbulb memory is Hurricane Katrina. A lot of people remember the effects of Hurricane Katrina. This hurricane was very powerful and created a lot of damage. It was one of the five most deadly hurricanes of all time. 1,836 thousand people died. The damage was a near $108 billion dollars. Katrina destroyed the oil supply, the Gulf Coast highway infrastructure, exports of commodities; 1.3 million acres of forest, caused beach erosion, oil spills, and thousands of animals were left homeless. Critics say that flashbulb memories are no more likely to be remembered than ordinary memories. The only difference between ordinary memories and flashbulb memories is that they are remembered more accurately and vividly. These significant memories are frequently discussed therefore this can actually alter or modify what people believe they remember about the event.
Tuesday, October 4, 2011
The Baron Issue 1
The Baron newpapaper published my first article Bystander Effect in the 1st issue. I am so excited! I am so glad. Congrats to me.
Friday, September 30, 2011
Pay Schedule
This job scenario represents a factory line piecework style of production. There are four styles of worker schedule reinforcements. One is the fixed interval schedule. The worker would most likely speed up before getting a paycheck and slow down after being paid. The variable interval schedule is when the boss would decide when to give the workers their paycheck with no predictability. The workers would probably do a good job because they never know when they will be getting a paycheck, but a continuous flow of production could be unpredictable. The fixed ratio schedule is when the worker receives a paycheck at the same time, every time on a regular preplanned schedule. Production is consistent and timely because the worker knows exactly when they will be paid for their work production. The variable ratio schedule is when the worker gets paid at a different time intervals. Workers production can be unpredictable and there can be a speed up or slow down in production.
The best pay schedule is the fixed ratio. In this type of payment schedule the workers never guess when they will be paid and therefore their work is fast and more efficient because they know at the end of a certain period of time they will be rewarded for their work production.
The best pay schedule is the fixed ratio. In this type of payment schedule the workers never guess when they will be paid and therefore their work is fast and more efficient because they know at the end of a certain period of time they will be rewarded for their work production.
Prison
Operant learning is where behavior is changed so that the person is encouraged to behave in a certain manner through positive or negative reinforcement so that they associate a pleasure or displeasure with the desired behavior. When a petty criminal is charged with a crime they are ordered to serve in prison. They will most likely end up not serving the entire sentence because of overcrowding. I suggest that the judge observe the severity of the crime. The prisons should contain only the most dangerous criminals like murders and drug dealers. The petty criminals should be put on house arrest with a monitoring system. This would lead to more space in prisons for the serious offenders. The criminals on house arrest should have to attend counseling sessions, work detail, and volunteer for community service projects. The judge will have to consider how long the person should wear the bracelet and have them sign a contract that explains the criteria for the bracelets to be removed. If the person follows all the criteria in the contract consistently then they will be rewarded by having the bracelet removed. This program can pertain to any age, sex, and can save a lot of money.
Thursday, September 29, 2011
Ads
People who work in advertising frequently use psychological manipulation in an attempt to influence our decisions in our everyday life styles. When you are watching something on TV many times an advertiser will have a company pay them to interject their product into the action of the show in hopes of influencing us to have a positive reaction to the image that they introduced. This process is known as supraliminal perception. Actually they will take a product and the product is truly visually seen by us the consumer, but we are just not necessarily aware of it due to the distraction of the action in the story. For instance, a person maybe fixing himself a bowl of cereal during the action of the movie and the cereal brand is flashed to us watching maybe only briefly. The advertiser is hoping that whether we become aware of seeing this product or not they hope by the brief introduction of the product we will be inclined to purchase this product. I have experienced this technique many times while watching shows, but I don’t really feel that this attempt on the part of the advertisers really has any effect on my buying of any product that they are attempting to encourage me to use.
Marijuana
Marijuana is a drug that comes from the plant cannabis sativa. Marijuana is a drug that reduces the amount of reaction time thus prohibiting the use of driving a vehicle or operating machinery. Marijuana is linked to causing lungs problems, bronchitis, and cardiovascular diseases. Research has indicated that marijuana is a gateway drug which means that people that already use marijuana could take harder drugs. Therefore if marijuana is legalized because of the easier access to the drug new users of marijuana would occur. Some scientists say that legalizing marijuana would lead to more crime since most people involved in the drug trade are involved in other crimes.
There is a benefit to legalizing marijuana however, which is using it for medical purposes. Research says that marijuana is safe and effective to use in the medical use of cancer, aids, sclerosis, pain, glaucoma, and epilepsy. Since 1972, 16 of the 50 states have legalized the medical use of marijuana. US Senator Bill Frist stated “Although I understand many believe marijuana is the most effective drug in combating their medical ailments, I would caution against this assumption due to the lack of consistent, repeatable scientific data available to prove marijuana's medical benefits. Based on current evidence, I believe that marijuana is a dangerous drug. There are less dangerous medicines offering the same relief from pain and other medical symptoms" end quote. Therefore after reading the current research I do not support marijuana to be legalized for recreational or medical purposes.
There is a benefit to legalizing marijuana however, which is using it for medical purposes. Research says that marijuana is safe and effective to use in the medical use of cancer, aids, sclerosis, pain, glaucoma, and epilepsy. Since 1972, 16 of the 50 states have legalized the medical use of marijuana. US Senator Bill Frist stated “Although I understand many believe marijuana is the most effective drug in combating their medical ailments, I would caution against this assumption due to the lack of consistent, repeatable scientific data available to prove marijuana's medical benefits. Based on current evidence, I believe that marijuana is a dangerous drug. There are less dangerous medicines offering the same relief from pain and other medical symptoms" end quote. Therefore after reading the current research I do not support marijuana to be legalized for recreational or medical purposes.
Nervous System
The most important function of the sympathetic nervous system is to maintain the body’s homeostasis and to create the fight-or- flight response when stressful situations occur. The primary function of the parasympathetic nervous system is to stimulate the “rest and digest” activities causing suppression of the body’s sexual arousal, salivation, urination, digestion, and defecation.
I was out on my porch the other day and a truck, driven by a strange man, stopped by the side of the road in the edge of my lawn. He sat there for a few minutes just idling and then left. My body had stored ATP so that I would have lots of energy to escape from a situation I assessed as dangerous. When our body is in a stressful situation we produce adrenaline. Adrenaline gives our body a boost it needs to enable the fight-or- flight response. My flight response took over and I fled from the porch in fear that he might come back.
My parasympathetic nervous system activated as well. The last thought on my mind was sexual arousal, salivation, urination, digestion or defecation. All I could think about was getting away and my other body functions were placed on hold, thank goodness.
I was out on my porch the other day and a truck, driven by a strange man, stopped by the side of the road in the edge of my lawn. He sat there for a few minutes just idling and then left. My body had stored ATP so that I would have lots of energy to escape from a situation I assessed as dangerous. When our body is in a stressful situation we produce adrenaline. Adrenaline gives our body a boost it needs to enable the fight-or- flight response. My flight response took over and I fled from the porch in fear that he might come back.
My parasympathetic nervous system activated as well. The last thought on my mind was sexual arousal, salivation, urination, digestion or defecation. All I could think about was getting away and my other body functions were placed on hold, thank goodness.
IIlusion
A perceptual illusion is an object that deceives the senses or the mind, appearing to exist as one thing but really is another. A trick to the eye your might say. I have had many experiences with illusions during my high school Geometry class. There are many problems in Geometry that need to be worked out to reach a correct conclusion. In the past I was never really sure about the length of a line in geometry, for example in triangles. Are the sides truly equal or do they just appear visually to be equal. I consistently measured each line before I would come to a conclusion if the lines truly were the same length or just appeared that way. Before reading this chapter in my psychology book I was under the impression that is was just an issue that I may have of not being able to visually discern the difference. Now after reading this material and thinking about how to apply the concepts I understand that I was experiencing a natural visual phenomenon known as an illusion.
Diffrences
An example of the sympathetic nervous system is if someone, who is afraid of snakes, is taking a walk in the forest and sees a snake the fight-or- flight response will take over. The sympathetic nervous system begins to pour out adrenaline. This hormone makes the pupils dilate, blood pressure increase, heart rate go up, and digestion to slow down. This enables the person to escape from the snake or if necessary stay and fight it off.
The opposite effect happens in the parasympathetic nervous system. If someone, who happens to like snakes, is taking a walk in the forest and sees a snake the rest and digest mechanism may take over. This occurs when the person feels no stress or fear. Their pupils constrict, blood pressure decreases, heart rate slows down, and digestion continues as usual.
If the sympathetic or parasympathetic nervous systems do not react and the snake is poisonous then the person could very well be bitten. The lack of response by either system could place the person in a neutral reaction situation and the snake by nature may continue to feel threatened and therefore bite them.
The opposite effect happens in the parasympathetic nervous system. If someone, who happens to like snakes, is taking a walk in the forest and sees a snake the rest and digest mechanism may take over. This occurs when the person feels no stress or fear. Their pupils constrict, blood pressure decreases, heart rate slows down, and digestion continues as usual.
If the sympathetic or parasympathetic nervous systems do not react and the snake is poisonous then the person could very well be bitten. The lack of response by either system could place the person in a neutral reaction situation and the snake by nature may continue to feel threatened and therefore bite them.
Dependence
Physical dependence is when a person is dependent on a drug and has developed a tolerance to a drug. The person has to take more and more of the drug to get the same effect. The body can experience withdrawal if the user goes a long time without the drug in their system. Some of the symptoms of withdrawal are headaches, nausea, irritability, cramps, and shaking. Fred has been a drinker for many years, but as the years passed he found he needed to drink more to get any effect. One night he was arrested and placed in jail for DWI. Fred began to experience symptoms of withdrawal.
Psychological dependence is when the user believes that the drug is needed to have emotional and psychological well being. There are no withdrawal effects but craving for the drug continues. When Fred was jailed even though the alcohol had metabolized out of his body and the physical symptoms had disappeared he continued to crave for the alcohol and desired to start the same process all over again.
I think that psychological dependence is harder to change than physical dependence. Psychological dependence is when the drug has altered the users psyche to the point where they feel they can not do life without it. I believe it would be much harder to cope.
Psychological dependence is when the user believes that the drug is needed to have emotional and psychological well being. There are no withdrawal effects but craving for the drug continues. When Fred was jailed even though the alcohol had metabolized out of his body and the physical symptoms had disappeared he continued to crave for the alcohol and desired to start the same process all over again.
I think that psychological dependence is harder to change than physical dependence. Psychological dependence is when the drug has altered the users psyche to the point where they feel they can not do life without it. I believe it would be much harder to cope.
The Bystander Effect
The bystander effect is when humans do not take action when another person appears to be in distress. I have witnessed this lack of human response when I was in high school. I experienced a physical altercation between two of my school mates. There were a lot of students there but no one did anything to stop it, including myself. Many of the students were encouraging the fight. Even though the fight lasted about a minute or so there seemed to be no reaction to the situation by any of the students after the fight was completed.
Culture has had a big influence on how people react to different situations. For example, when a nurse asks a Mexican to cough during an examination they will not because to them coughing is a sign of disrespect. But in America culture coughing is common during a physical examination.
Researchers have found that in any given distress situation only a few people will react and that the majority will not. The others think that someone else can help out or they are afraid to get involved or it interrupts their life to much. I was thinking about being late to my next class and afraid for my own safety so I backed away wishing that they would just get it over with.
Other researchers have proposed factors may influence the bystander effect. They stated that people are more likely to help in a situation if they feel more connected to the person, or if the person in distress is very attractive or they have positive feelings towards the person involved. The bystander effect is very real and explains why people can be asking for help, but no one in the crowd steps forward.
Culture has had a big influence on how people react to different situations. For example, when a nurse asks a Mexican to cough during an examination they will not because to them coughing is a sign of disrespect. But in America culture coughing is common during a physical examination.
Researchers have found that in any given distress situation only a few people will react and that the majority will not. The others think that someone else can help out or they are afraid to get involved or it interrupts their life to much. I was thinking about being late to my next class and afraid for my own safety so I backed away wishing that they would just get it over with.
Other researchers have proposed factors may influence the bystander effect. They stated that people are more likely to help in a situation if they feel more connected to the person, or if the person in distress is very attractive or they have positive feelings towards the person involved. The bystander effect is very real and explains why people can be asking for help, but no one in the crowd steps forward.
Scholarships for the Extraordinary
By: Lynnette Lockwood
There is a payoff for hard work on September 15; in the Corning Community College Dining Hall the scholarship recognition ceremony took place honoring those who work hard. The tables were covered in white tablecloths with white roses in the center. For lunch everyone was served spaghetti, ziti, meatballs, salad, chicken, and rolls. The ceremony started off with a welcome. Then there was a speech by the President Katherine Douglas. She talked about being successful in our academic lives. The students that received scholarships were Cassondra Ball, Jenna Clark, Megan Cook, Zane Draper, Hannah Jacquier, Shea Maloy, Zachary McCann, Alex McInroy, Mackenzie Odge, Rachael Passaretti, Karissa Snyder, Krystal Young, Rebecca Zafonte, Melanie Purcell, Paige Beach, Stephanie Manning, Alexandra Young, Logan Pallmann, Jodi Belloma, Joe Inthanogsak, Ashley Mayhood, Kayla Grady, Sondra Parkin, Jason Sowersby, Kelsey Knowles, Penny Kelley, Dylan Gorski, Victoria Houser, Matthew Johnson, Ashley Pierson, Margaret Wayne, Kylicia Ramsey, Tracy Erickson, Shawna Osborn, Elizabeth Radford, Richard Horsey, Mollie Caporiccio, Ashley Clark, Shalyn Clement, Adriane Divens-Dutcher, Shawn Dominikoski, Andrew Finch, Susan Hamilton, Amy Hammond, Aaron Keene, Michael Lawson, Carissa Miller, Sarah Roberts, Joshulin Sommer, Standford I Taylor Jr, Hayley Thomas, Kathryn White, Darlene Woo, Alexandra Young, Zachary Hogan, Christopher Michael, Holly Esposito, Sarah Hess, Caleb Tietje, Megan Rosko, Elizabeth VanDuyne, Karen Willsey, Timothy Wood, Kayla Emo, Lynnette Lockwood, Ann Johnson, Daniel Sauter, Tanisha Ostrander, and Natali Gonzalez. A total of 36 scholarships were given out to 69 students. The scholarship ranged from academics, nursing, math and sciences, books and supplies, education, and liberal arts.
By: Lynnette Lockwood
There is a payoff for hard work on September 15; in the Corning Community College Dining Hall the scholarship recognition ceremony took place honoring those who work hard. The tables were covered in white tablecloths with white roses in the center. For lunch everyone was served spaghetti, ziti, meatballs, salad, chicken, and rolls. The ceremony started off with a welcome. Then there was a speech by the President Katherine Douglas. She talked about being successful in our academic lives. The students that received scholarships were Cassondra Ball, Jenna Clark, Megan Cook, Zane Draper, Hannah Jacquier, Shea Maloy, Zachary McCann, Alex McInroy, Mackenzie Odge, Rachael Passaretti, Karissa Snyder, Krystal Young, Rebecca Zafonte, Melanie Purcell, Paige Beach, Stephanie Manning, Alexandra Young, Logan Pallmann, Jodi Belloma, Joe Inthanogsak, Ashley Mayhood, Kayla Grady, Sondra Parkin, Jason Sowersby, Kelsey Knowles, Penny Kelley, Dylan Gorski, Victoria Houser, Matthew Johnson, Ashley Pierson, Margaret Wayne, Kylicia Ramsey, Tracy Erickson, Shawna Osborn, Elizabeth Radford, Richard Horsey, Mollie Caporiccio, Ashley Clark, Shalyn Clement, Adriane Divens-Dutcher, Shawn Dominikoski, Andrew Finch, Susan Hamilton, Amy Hammond, Aaron Keene, Michael Lawson, Carissa Miller, Sarah Roberts, Joshulin Sommer, Standford I Taylor Jr, Hayley Thomas, Kathryn White, Darlene Woo, Alexandra Young, Zachary Hogan, Christopher Michael, Holly Esposito, Sarah Hess, Caleb Tietje, Megan Rosko, Elizabeth VanDuyne, Karen Willsey, Timothy Wood, Kayla Emo, Lynnette Lockwood, Ann Johnson, Daniel Sauter, Tanisha Ostrander, and Natali Gonzalez. A total of 36 scholarships were given out to 69 students. The scholarship ranged from academics, nursing, math and sciences, books and supplies, education, and liberal arts.
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)
